Abstract: Lung cancer is the type of cancer with the highest mortality in the whole world. For a cell to become cancerous it needs to undergo through several genetic mutations; which occur due to multiple predisposing factors. That is why in this type of cancer it is more common in smokers and patients over 40 years old; having less incidence in young patients. Clinical case: We present a case of a 23-year-old male patient referred from a first-level hospital duo to diagnoses of upper gastrointestinal bleeding + constitutional syndrome that were difficult to manage. Exams were made evidencing described later. Having a torpid evolution adding hemoptysis and signs of respiratory failure, refusing to perform a biopsy, eventually dying from multiple complications; relatives accept a post-mortem biopsy finding invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: In the present case we found a patient in an advanced stage with a highly aggressive tumor as is common in these cases. The erroneous interpretation of the clinical case in the initial stages and the lack of importance on the part of the patient leading to a late diagnosis; although if we make an opportune diagnosis the oncological treatment is poor with a low survival.

Resumen: El cáncer de pulmón es la principal causa de mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos a nivel mundial. Para que una célula se transforme a cancerígena necesita de varias mutaciones genéticas; dichas mutaciones se producen por múltiples factores predisponentes. La incidencia de este tipo de cáncer es más común en pacientes fumadores y mayores de 40 años; teniendo una aparición menos marcada en pacientes jóvenes. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 23 años de edad referido de un hospital de primer nivel por diagnósticos de hemorragia digestiva alta más síndrome constitucional sin llegar a un diagnóstico de base y de difícil manejo. Se realizan exámenes en nuestro nosocomio, los cuales evidencian los hallazgos posteriormente descritos. El paciente tiene una evolución tórpida añadiéndose hemoptisis y signos de insuficiencia respiratoria, negándose a realizar biopsia, llegando a fallecer por múltiples complicaciones; familiares acceden a biopsia posmortem encontrando adenocarcinoma invasivo no mucinoso. Conclusiones: En el presente caso encontramos un paciente con un estadío avanzado de la enfermedad, que presenta un tumor altamente agresivo, como es común en estos casos. La interpretación errónea del cuadro clínico en estadíos iniciales y la falta de interés por parte del paciente para llegar a un diagnóstico conllevaron a un diagnóstico tardío posmortem; aunque desgraciadamente si se lograba un diagnóstico oportuno, el tratamiento oncológico hubiera sido pobre con una baja supervivencia.

Abstract Research on service failure has neglected the temporal dimension of consumer-perceived control (i.e., past, present and future control). This paper introduces the temporal model of perceived control to service research and compares its explanatory power for consumers’ emotional and behavioural reactions after a service failure to that of the causal attribution model. The results of a correlational study show that the temporal model of perceived control has greater explanatory power than the causal attribution model (i.e., the former can better predict consumers’ regret, self-focused anger, and repurchase behaviour after a stressful service episode). This is the first empirical research to use a temporal model of perceived control to explain consumer reactions after service failures, showing that this model may be combined with others in a complementary way to provide a better understanding of consumer reactions.

La quema de cascarilla de arroz es una práctica frecuente en la preparación de terrenos para una producción a corto plazo de cultivos de hortalizas en el municipio de Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Con el objeto de determinar el efecto de esta práctica se realizó un estudio para evaluar el efecto de la quema de cascarilla de arroz en el suelo sobre la población de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares, mediante el recuento de esporas y determinación del porcentaje de colonización por estos hongos en raíces de hortalizas antes y después de la quema durante cuatro períodos de cultivos. Además, se determinó el carbono orgánico, fósforo disponible, nitrógeno y pH del suelo. Se evaluaron dos secuencias de cultivos simultáneas en tres fincas donde se realiza rotación de cultivos y se alterna la producción de diferentes hortalizas con el cultivo de cilantro. Se realizó un análisis de varianza, comparación de medias según la prueba de Tukey y un análisis de componentes principales. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo en la reducción de esporas y la colonización de hongos de micorriza arbuscular después de la quema y una recuperación gradual hacia el cuarto cultivo en cada finca. En las variables de pH y carbono orgánico se encontró un aumento en el período inmediatamente después de la quema, con aumento también del contenido de fósforo. El efecto negativo sobre las micorrizas demuestra la necesidad de modificar la utilización de esta práctica en la preparación del suelo con el objeto de conservar la población de esporas de estos hongos y su interacción con las raíces de las plantas cultivadas.

The burning of rice husk is an usual practice in land preparation for short-term production of vegetable crops in Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia. To determine the effect of this practice, we calculated the number of mycorrhizal spores and their root colonization percentage in coriander crops before the burning, and during four periods after. Also, organic carbon, available phosphorus, nitrogen, and pH were determined. The study involved two crops sequences on three farms of the zone where crop rotation is practiced and production of different vegetable alternates with coriander. The data was analyzed using Anova and Tukey test, along with an analysis of principal components. A significant effect was observed on the reduction of mycorrhizal fungi spores and root colonization immediately after the burning, and a gradual recovery of both of them was observed towards the fourth cultivation. Organic carbon and pH also increased after the burning, with increases of available phosphorus. The negative effect on mycorrhizal fungi shows the necessity to modify the use of this agricultural practice for land preparation, with the aim to preserve the community of mycorrhizal spores and their interaction with the roots of cultivated plants.

Abstract β-Galactosidase (BGal) is the first enzyme involved in the catabolism of sphingolipids. Two pathologies have been directly associated with its deficiency: GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio B. Morquio B is among the rarest types of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). We aim to document the β-galactosidase deficiency in Colombia. We evaluated leukocytes from 1492 healthy Colombian individuals and 923 patients, referred between 2005 and August 2014. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples from the same number of patients were evaluated. β-Galactosidase was measured with 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactoside. As a control enzyme, the total hexosaminidase activity was also evaluated. We identified 14 patients with GM1 gangliosidosis, 5 patients with Morquio B, and 1 patient with I-cell disease. We could establish a reference value for Bgal in Colombian leukocyte samples. GM1 gangliosidosis is the main pathology associated with a direct deficiency of BGal. The high number of patients found with MPS IVB indicates that there are patients who could be misdiagnosed due to an unawareness of the disease.